# @cloudflare/kv-asset-handler
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`kv-asset-handler` is an open-source library for managing the retrieval of static assets from [Workers KV](https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/runtime-apis/kv) inside of a [Cloudflare Workers](https://workers.dev) function. `kv-asset-handler` is designed for use with [Workers Sites](https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/platform/sites), a feature included in [Wrangler](https://github.com/cloudflare/wrangler), our command-line tool for deploying Workers projects.
`kv-asset-handler` runs as part of a Cloudflare Workers function, so it allows you to customize _how_ and _when_ your static assets are loaded, as well as customize how those assets behave before they're sent to the client.
Most users and sites will not need these customizations, and just want to serve their statically built applications. For that simple use-case, you can check out [Cloudflare Pages](https://pages.cloudflare.com), our batteries-included approach to deploying static sites on Cloudflare's edge network. Workers Sites was designed as a precursor to Cloudflare Pages, so check out Pages if you just want to deploy your static site without any special customizations!
For users who _do_ want to customize their assets, and want to build complex experiences on top of their static assets, `kv-asset-handler` (and the default [Workers Sites template](https://github.com/cloudflare/worker-sites-template), which is provided for use with Wrangler + Workers Sites) allows you to customize caching behavior, headers, and anything else about how your Workers function loads the static assets for your site stored in Workers KV.
The Cloudflare Workers Discord server is an active place where Workers users get help, share feedback, and collaborate on making our platform better. The `#workers` channel in particular is a great place to chat about `kv-asset-handler`, and building cool experiences for your users using these tools! If you have questions, want to share what you're working on, or give feedback, [join us in Discord and say hello](https://discord.cloudflare.com)!
- [Installation](#installation)
- [Usage](#usage)
- [`getAssetFromKV`](#getassetfromkv)
- [Example](#example)
* [Return](#return)
* [Optional Arguments](#optional-arguments)
- [`mapRequestToAsset`](#maprequesttoasset)
- [Example](#example-1)
- [`cacheControl`](#cachecontrol)
- [`browserTTL`](#browserttl)
- [`edgeTTL`](#edgettl)
- [`bypassCache`](#bypasscache)
- [`ASSET_NAMESPACE` (required for ES Modules)](#asset_namespace-required-for-es-modules)
- [`ASSET_MANIFEST` (required for ES Modules)](#asset_manifest-required-for-es-modules)
- [`defaultETag`](#defaultetag-optional)
* [Helper functions](#helper-functions)
- [`mapRequestToAsset`](#maprequesttoasset-1)
- [`serveSinglePageApp`](#servesinglepageapp)
* [Cache revalidation and etags](#cache-revalidation-and-etags)
## Installation
Add this package to your `package.json` by running this in the root of your
project's directory:
```
npm i @cloudflare/kv-asset-handler
```
## Usage
This package was designed to work with [Worker Sites](https://workers.cloudflare.com/sites).
## `getAssetFromKV`
getAssetFromKV(Evt) => Promise<Response>
`getAssetFromKV` is an async function that takes an `Evt` object (containing a `Request` and a [`waitUntil`](https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/runtime-apis/fetch-event#waituntil)) and returns a `Response` object if the request matches an asset in KV, otherwise it will throw a `KVError`.
#### Example
This example checks for the existence of a value in KV, and returns it if it's there, and returns a 404 if it is not. It also serves index.html from `/`.
### Return
`getAssetFromKV` returns a `Promise<Response>` with `Response` being the body of the asset requested.
Known errors to be thrown are:
- MethodNotAllowedError
- NotFoundError
- InternalError
#### ES Modules
```js
import manifestJSON from "__STATIC_CONTENT_MANIFEST";
import {
getAssetFromKV,
MethodNotAllowedError,
NotFoundError,
} from "@cloudflare/kv-asset-handler";
const assetManifest = JSON.parse(manifestJSON);
export default {
async fetch(request, env, ctx) {
if (request.url.includes("/docs")) {
try {
return await getAssetFromKV(
{
request,
waitUntil(promise) {
return ctx.waitUntil(promise);
},
},
{
ASSET_NAMESPACE: env.__STATIC_CONTENT,
ASSET_MANIFEST: assetManifest,
}
);
} catch (e) {
if (e instanceof NotFoundError) {
// ...
} else if (e instanceof MethodNotAllowedError) {
// ...
} else {
return new Response("An unexpected error occurred", { status: 500 });
}
}
} else return fetch(request);
},
};
```
#### Service Worker
```js
import {
getAssetFromKV,
MethodNotAllowedError,
NotFoundError,
} from "@cloudflare/kv-asset-handler";
addEventListener("fetch", (event) => {
event.respondWith(handleEvent(event));
});
async function handleEvent(event) {
if (event.request.url.includes("/docs")) {
try {
return await getAssetFromKV(event);
} catch (e) {
if (e instanceof NotFoundError) {
// ...
} else if (e instanceof MethodNotAllowedError) {
// ...
} else {
return new Response("An unexpected error occurred", { status: 500 });
}
}
} else return fetch(event.request);
}
```
### Optional Arguments
You can customize the behavior of `getAssetFromKV` by passing the following properties as an object into the second argument.
```
getAssetFromKV(event, { mapRequestToAsset: ... })
```
#### `mapRequestToAsset`
mapRequestToAsset(Request) => Request
Maps the incoming request to the value that will be looked up in Cloudflare's KV
By default, mapRequestToAsset is set to the exported function [`mapRequestToAsset`](#maprequesttoasset-1). This works for most static site generators, but you can customize this behavior by passing your own function as `mapRequestToAsset`. The function should take a `Request` object as its only argument, and return a new `Request` object with an updated path to be looked up in the asset manifest/KV.
For SPA mapping pass in the [`serveSinglePageApp`](#servesinglepageapp) function
#### Example
Strip `/docs` from any incoming request before looking up an asset in Cloudflare's KV.
```js
import { getAssetFromKV, mapRequestToAsset } from '@cloudflare/kv-asset-handler'
...
const customKeyModifier = request => {
let url = request.url
//custom key mapping optional
url = url.replace('/docs', '').replace(/^\/+/, '')
return mapRequestToAsset(new Request(url, request))
}
let asset = await getAssetFromKV(event, { mapRequestToAsset: customKeyModifier })
```
#### `cacheControl`
type: object
`cacheControl` allows you to configure options for both the Cloudflare Cache accessed by your Worker, and the browser cache headers sent along with your Workers' responses. The default values are as follows:
```javascript
let cacheControl = {
browserTTL: null, // do not set cache control ttl on responses
edgeTTL: 2 * 60 * 60 * 24, // 2 days
bypassCache: false, // do not bypass Cloudflare's cache
};
```
##### `browserTTL`
type: number | null
nullable: true
Sets the `Cache-Control: max-age` header on the response returned from the Worker. By default set to `null` which will not add the header at all.
##### `edgeTTL`
type: number | null
nullable: true
Sets the `Cache-Control: max-age` header on the response used as the edge cache key. By default set to 2 days (`2 * 60 * 60 * 24`). When null will not cache on the edge at all.
##### `bypassCache`
type: boolean
Determines whether to cache requests on Cloudflare's edge cache. By default set to `false` (recommended for production builds). Useful for development when you need to eliminate the cache's effect on testing.
#### `ASSET_NAMESPACE` (required for ES Modules)
type: KV Namespace Binding
The binding name to the KV Namespace populated with key/value entries of files for the Worker to serve. By default, Workers Sites uses a [binding to a Workers KV Namespace](https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/reference/storage/api/#namespaces) named `__STATIC_CONTENT`.
It is further assumed that this namespace consists of static assets such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, or image files, keyed off of a relative path that roughly matches the assumed URL pathname of the incoming request.
In ES Modules format, this argument is required, and can be gotten from `env`.
##### ES Module
```js
return getAssetFromKV(
{
request,
waitUntil(promise) {
return ctx.waitUntil(promise)
},
},
{
ASSET_NAMESPACE: env.__STATIC_CONTENT,
},
)
```
##### Service Worker
```
return getAssetFromKV(event, { ASSET_NAMESPACE: MY_NAMESPACE })
```
#### `ASSET_MANIFEST` (required for ES Modules)
type: text blob (JSON formatted) or object
The mapping of requested file path to the key stored on Cloudflare.
Workers Sites with Wrangler bundles up a text blob that maps request paths to content-hashed keys that are generated by Wrangler as a cache-busting measure. If this option/binding is not present, the function will fallback to using the raw pathname to look up your asset in KV. If, for whatever reason, you have rolled your own implementation of this, you can include your own by passing a stringified JSON object where the keys are expected paths, and the values are the expected keys in your KV namespace.
In ES Modules format, this argument is required, and can be imported.
##### ES Module
```js
import manifestJSON from '__STATIC_CONTENT_MANIFEST'
let manifest = JSON.parse(manifestJSON)
manifest['index.html'] = 'index.special.html'
return getAssetFromKV(
{
request,
waitUntil(promise) {
return ctx.waitUntil(promise)
},
},
{
ASSET_MANIFEST: manifest,
// ...
},
)
```
##### Service Worker
```
let assetManifest = { "index.html": "index.special.html" }
return getAssetFromKV(event, { ASSET_MANIFEST: assetManifest })
```
#### `defaultMimeType` (optional)
type: string
This is the mime type that will be used for files with unrecognized or missing extensions. The default value is `'text/plain'`.
If you are serving a static site and would like to use extensionless HTML files instead of index.html files, set this to `'text/html'`.
#### `defaultDocument` (optional)
type: string
This is the default document that will be concatenated for requests ends in `'/'` or without a valid mime type like `'/about'` or `'/about.me'`. The default value is `'index.html'`.
#### `defaultETag` (optional)
type: `'strong' | 'weak'`
This determines the format of the response [ETag header](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/ETag). If the resource is in the cache, the ETag will always be weakened before being returned.
The default value is `'strong'`.
# Helper functions
## `mapRequestToAsset`
mapRequestToAsset(Request) => Request
The default function for mapping incoming requests to keys in Cloudflare's KV.
Takes any path that ends in `/` or evaluates to an HTML file and appends `index.html` or `/index.html` for lookup in your Workers KV namespace.
## `serveSinglePageApp`
serveSinglePageApp(Request) => Request
A custom handler for mapping requests to a single root: `index.html`. The most common use case is single-page applications - frameworks with in-app routing - such as React Router, VueJS, etc. It takes zero arguments.
```js
import { getAssetFromKV, serveSinglePageApp } from '@cloudflare/kv-asset-handler'
...
let asset = await getAssetFromKV(event, { mapRequestToAsset: serveSinglePageApp })
```
# Cache revalidation and etags
All responses served from cache (including those with `cf-cache-status: MISS`) include an `etag` response header that identifies the version of the resource. The `etag` value is identical to the path key used in the `ASSET_MANIFEST`. It is updated each time an asset changes and looks like this: `etag: <filename>.<hash of file contents>.<extension>` (ex. `etag: index.54321.html`).
Resources served with an `etag` allow browsers to use the `if-none-match` request header to make conditional requests for that resource in the future. This has two major benefits:
- When a request's `if-none-match` value matches the `etag` of the resource in Cloudflare cache, Cloudflare will send a `304 Not Modified` response without a body, saving bandwidth.
- Changes to a file on the server are immediately reflected in the browser - even when the cache control directive `max-age` is unexpired.
#### Disable the `etag`
To turn `etags` **off**, you must bypass cache:
```js
/* Turn etags off */
let cacheControl = {
bypassCache: true,
};
```
#### Syntax and comparison context
`kv-asset-handler` sets and evaluates etags as [strong validators](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Conditional_requests#Strong_validation). To preserve `etag` integrity, the format of the value deviates from the [RFC2616 recommendation to enclose the `etag` with quotation marks](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616#section-3.11). This is intentional. Cloudflare cache applies the `W/` prefix to all `etags` that use quoted-strings -- a process that converts the `etag` to a "weak validator" when served to a client.
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